You can change some visual characteristics of Emacs creating ~/.Xresources file (in your home directory). For example:

!Change default window size
 Emacs.geometry: 80x60+0+0
 !Change font type and size
 Emacs*Font: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1
 !Disable the toolbar
 Emacs*toolBar: 0
 !Colors
 Emacs.background: white
 Emacs.foreground: black
 

If you want to know all the font types available in your system use xlsfonts. To enable this configuration you have two options: restart the X Window/Xorg or execute this

$ cd
 $ xrdb .Xresources
 

Any other customization on Emacs goes in ~/.emacs configuration file. You can write your own configuration by hand or using M-x customize-variable. An example?,... take a look to my own "dot emacs".

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